| HISTORICAL ASPECTS |
| Independently of the prehistoric establishments of the Prado Bazánand the Stop of the Limekiln,
Los Santos already constituted apopulation center at Roman time, as thus it seems to indicate it
epitaph catalogued by Hübner and to which talks about Gómez-Moreno (M.GÓMEZ-MORENO: Op.cit.; págs.
424-425). On the other hand, the
Road of the Silver, old route of peregrination (as it is seen at his
moment), and Roman route, runs three kilometers to the east of the town of
Los Santos. Like curiosity, I will say that, in a corral of this locality, there is a fragment of miliario number CXIV,
corresponding to this road and that it must of coming from some point next to
Peromingo. |
| The location of Los
Santos, in a special zone interest, from the religious and nthropological point of view, explains the one that this place got to be a templaria possession, that happened, later, to depend on the jurisdiction of Monleón
(M.GÓMEZ-MORENO; pág. (the author mentions to Sanchez
Cabins)). The Renaissance of the town from the Average Age must to the establishment, in him, of repobladores, between which there were people of the north of Spain, according to point some of the last names of long tradition in Los Santos:Zúñiga, Alvarez... On the other hand, the old morisca presence reveals through topónimos such as the Morilles
(name of a treet of the
town) and the Moritos, next to the cord of cattles; in addition to the pervivencia of the Morato last name, that appears in documents as of century XVII. |
| Los Santos were one of the places where which was paid to the tax
of portazgo at the end of the century XIV, time at which the salmantino town hall had properties there, took the loans from
Los Santos in 1454, those of Monleón and Endrinal
(CATHEDRAL FILE OF SALAMANCA: Caj. 14, leg. 2, nº 17.-1º). |
| By those years, Los
Santos had participated in the Invasion of a series of concejiles territories of
jurisdiction of the city of Salamanca, which tolerated operations of burns and disassembles with
the purpose of cultivating cereal, also carried out by other neighboring nuclei, among them Monleón and Endrinal, as therefore it
will stand out in the corresponding searches that the kings commanded to make
(N.CABRILLANA: op.cit.; pág.
280). |
| Under the reign of Felipe IV, the Holy ones appear already with category of villa. In 1631, it was sold his jurisdiction, señorío and vasallaje to Don Francisco Diego Lopez de Zúñiga and Sotomayor, Duke of Béjar
(Autos of Possession of Villa of the Saints..., fol. 1 v.). |
| As a result of it, having tried the villa its rough estimate, followed lawsuit before Don Alfonso Diego Lopez de Zúñiga and Sotomayor, Duke of Béjar, in quality of curador of the person and goods of Don Juan Manuel de Zúñiga, Marquess of Valero and Duke of Béjar, brother his and possessor of this villa. This obtained nevertheless, the concession of the rough estimate, being to him favorable the corresponding esolution. Pedro Alvarez and Matías Morato, and neighbors of
Los Santos, reunited then 64,567 real and three maravedíes of double silver, more 2,770 maravedíes in currency of vellón that concerned half of the coasts
(Cars of Possession of Villa of Los Santos..., fol. 3
v.); amount which they had to pay to the Duke, doing delivery of same day 31 of December of year 1643 to Bartholomew Espínola, count of Pezuela of the Towers, general factor of the Council military and Property of Felipe IV. |
| The such Bartholomew extended the corresponding receipt of payment 2
of January of 1644 before Antonio González, notary public, declaring to have in deposit the usual amount of money to use it at his moment
properly. Day 7 of January of the year referred, Matías Morato and Bartholomew de Retuerto, neighbors of the villa of
Los Santos, in name of the Council, particular Justice, Regiment and Neighbor of her,
and, before Juan Gómez, notary public, arrange to execute what the king has arranged: < <... I command You that soon (that) is given to you
(the present), you go with high twig from my Justice to the this villa of Los
Santos and to the other parts that were necessary and you undress to this Don Juan Manuel de Zúñiga, Marquess of Valero and to
the this Duke of Béjar... or to any other possessor that at that time were of the this villa... > >
(Cars of Possession of Villa of the
Saints..., fol. 4 v.). |
Thus, then, power was granted to the villa of
Los Santos to distribute justice, after to have retired of the places public all the standards
of its previous possessor. Such power included/understood the gift
installation, picota, knife, jail, trap and pain of whips, as well as the other standards that customary to put in cities and villas. The
document to which I am talking about is explicit in this sense and it talks about year 1644. In the month of February of the same
year, edicto is published, which fixed to an existing post next to the portalito, by which it was sent to retire the standards of the Duke of
Valero and the positioning of those of Los Santos was legitimized. Near the hermitage of San Jorge a gift of three woods rose and, in the
wood of the means, that cross this gift, a knife nailed, so that it served and it was recognized like standard of own jurisdiction of the
villa of Los Santos, punishing with one hundred pain you whip and ten
years of galeras to those who, being ordinary men, they will dare to clear and to demolish such standards; but, in being noble, one would
dominate each one a fine of one hundred thousand maravedíes for the Real Camera and exile of the kingdom by four years
(Cars of Possession
of Villa of Los Santos..., fol. 36 and 37). |
| The reading of the mentioned document, it is come off that the houses
of the City council were next to the Portalito. By the others, this last one already was considered, then, like the public and main place
of the villa, but data are not offered that could throw some track on the function and origin of the same one. the generalized opinion more
is than it had to serve as < < frame > > as the roll that would rise
like expression of the inquisitorial power. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the Portalito, with tile roof to three slopes
maintained by two columns of granite and leaned to the wall of a house in the main street of the town, suggest that one could rather have
served as symbolic monument of sacralización of the nucleus of the town. With respect to the assumption inquisitorial roll, it could have
raised, perhaps, on a stone pedestal until years ago and that, at the
moment, is buried, in the same place, under a modern pavement. |
After the acquisition of the property rights of the villa of
Los Santos on the part of their neighbors, these came to amojonar the
terms of same, as before it were said, which tolerated a reorganization of the own economic forms of the place again. The
amplitude of the municipal term was considerable: one legua of this a the west and three quarter of legua of north to his. The rocky nature
of the land did not allow the putting in practice of cerealísticas operations of great extension, safe in some areas to the north of the
term. The culture of the linen enjoyed great tradition already. The planted of vines and regoldanos brown, constituted, on the other
hand, already in century XVIII, one of the natural resources taken advantage
of by the inhabitants of Los Santos. Thus in 1752, parras were four
thousands eight hundred, of that they were harvested, altogether, around seventy and four arrobas of grape; it had, in addition, sixty
regoldanos brown feet of first quality, of each one of which fifteen fanegas of chestnuts took shelter, plus several brown of graft, of
first, second and third quality, that twenty, fifteen and ten produced fanegas of chestnuts, respectively
(COVE CADASTRE: General
Answers. Leg.509, fol. 42 General archives of Simancas). One of the existing
regoldanos brown planted at that time in Los Santos, had arisen
recently, as a result of the dispositions mentioned by king Carlos III in the matter of forest repoblación, thus is included/understood that
it still did not give to fruit (COVE CADASTRE: General
Answers. Leg.509, fol. 30 General archives of Simancas). |
| Of all the production the neighbors of
Los Santos paid to tithes and primicias to the School of PP. Hieronymites of the Order of San
Jerónimo de Guadalupe of the city of Salamanca. |
| The population of Los
Santos, that had gotten to add two hundred eighty neighbors in 1534 (T.
GONZÁLEZ: Census of population of the provinces and parties of Corona of Castile in century XVI. Madrid,
1829; pág. 99), diminished considerably in 1752, date in which one
(CADASTRE OF COVE
counted only with one hundred: General answers. Leg. 509 fol.51. General archives of
Simancas). reaching later, in 1849,
one hundred sixty and the eight (P. MADOZ: Dictionary...; pág.853).
According to the census of year 1981, the population of the Holy ones was of 854 inhabitants
(NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTIC: Census of the
Population of Spain of 1981, Madrid 1984). |
